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Special Forces

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Re: Special Forces
Post by Spacekiwi   » Fri Nov 02, 2012 7:49 pm

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runsforcelery wrote:I think people are vastly overrating what "special forces" could do for Safehold.

If you have a mission suitable to be carried out by "fast-moving cavalry," you don't need "special forces," you need cavalry. And from a reconnaissance perspective, you can't embed "special forces" in distant locations and have reliable transmission of information in anything remotely like real-time terms. You can send out patrols with messenger wyverns — except, of course, that the messenger wyverns will return to their "home" roost which may not be where you need the information — but you don't need some sort of super elite special forces for that; you simply need reasonably well-trained cavalry. Nor is there a crying need for forces trained to conduct "irregular warfare." This isn't the American frontier in 1776, and for the most part units like Roger’s Rangers aren't what you're going to need in a war fought across it. In a lot of ways, the terrain constraints are more like Europe in the late nineteenth century, and unless you want to inspire a full-fledged guerrilla warfare model behind the lines, using organized, openly operating military units to accomplish your goals is going to be much more economical in terms of training, manpower, and consequences to the civilian population.

The sort of information that "special forces" could provide to a commander in the field is exactly the sort of information that he ought to be able to gather with the scouting forces already assigned to him. That's one of the things the "scout-snipers" were organized to provide in the first place, hence the "scout" in their title. With the creation of the Imperial Charisian Army, the "scout-snipers" concept has evolved/been modified somewhat, although they remain recon specialists whose function is to very quietly slip behind, through, or around enemy lines in order to gather tactical information. The primary reconnaissance function, however, is now provided by mounted reconnaissance troops, and the "reach" of recon is — and will remain in a pre-radio world — very limited. The sorts of tactical data that SNARCs make available to a field commander are generally (not always, but generally) going to be the same sorts of tactical information those trained scouts and their mounted counterparts can provide. In those instances where more "mundane" means cannot duplicate the tactical information gathering capability, there's probably no way that someone could plausibly claim that the information had been gathered by those merely mortal scouts. In those instances, the commander who has access to the SNARCs — like Green Valley — simply has to "operate on a hunch" or rely on "instinct," exactly like Cayleb did when he and Merlin led the Navy around Crag Hook in the middle of a storm to attack Thirsk's ships. Or, for that matter, like Green Valley did in the Sylmahn Gap. There is no way that any plausible non-SNARC source of information could have openly provided to him the grasp of the enemy's deployments that he used to plan that attack . . . or time the orders that he gave during the actual engagement. At best, his initial understanding of the enemy's deployment's could have been based on "patrols moving along the lizard paths" in the cliffs above the gap floor, but there were no Charisian "special forces" in position — and couldn't have been — to provide it for him. And there is no way in the world that anyone could have plausibly provided him with an ongoing wyvern's-eye view of how the engagement was developing.

The 21st-century military is in love with the concept of "special forces," and they have pulled off some truly spectacular successes. They are not, however, the end-all and be-all of reconnaissance and scouting operations — or even sabotage operations — as some people appear to believe. Our present-day concept of special forces has a lot to do with the nature of the conflicts we face — low intensity warfare, antiterrorist operations, what we used to call "hearts and minds" operations, provision of training cadres, deniability, etc. — than with an inherent superiority of special forces warfare over conventional forces in an all out war for survival. The undeniable tendency for special forces organizations to siphon off noncoms and officers — and, of course, enlisted personnel — of superior quality always has a negative effect on the availability of those same officers, noncoms, and enlisted to the regular forces. In some circumstances, that siphoning effect is fully justified because the special forces give you capabilities the regular forces simply don't have. In the case of Safehold, however, where the "regulars" can do just about anything you need done, it's much harder to justify making that trade-off.

As far as making use of what we might call "strategic" information gathered by the SNARCs and passing it off as having been gathered by long-range, deep penetration special forces teams, why bother? You're already passing it off as information that was gathered by your spy network, so why introduce an unnecessary complication to your military forces to explain what you've already explained?

And, finally, from the perspective of infrastructure raids, Merlin, Cayleb, and Sharleyan are going to be far more comfortable with carrying them out using "conventional" cavalry forces whose path in and out to the attack infrastructure can be clearly traced and demonstrated (thus demonstrating that the attackers had to come from the outside) rather than special forces which infiltrate to their objective, attack, and then disappear again. The reason for this (as I've stated before) is that they have no desire to provoke Clyntahn into retaliatory raids against the local civilian population which "obviously" collaborated with the attackers or — almost equally culpable — didn't prevent the attack by spotting and reporting the attackers. It could be argued that from a suitably cold-blooded and calculating perspective provoking Clyntahn into additional atrocities can only undermine the authority of the Church of God Awaiting and the Inquisition, on the one hand, and provide recruits for an ever-intensifying guerrilla war in the Church's rear areas. The inner circle has considered that possibility . . . and rejected it.

From a moral perspective, they refuse to become Clyntahn, regarding anyone in the area of operations as expendable as long as it promotes and supports their tactical and operational objectives. They are fighting this war in no small part because of their belief in human dignity and freedom and the sanctity of human life. They refuse to compromise those objectives in any way they can possibly avoid, and they believe that adopting such morally abhorrent policies would ultimately undercut that overriding strategic goal. And from a pragmatic perspective, they don't need to provoke Clyntahn into committing additional atrocities to create all of the disgust, hatred, and passive and/or active resistance they could possibly desire because he's going to do it anyway. That much is already abundantly clear to them.

From a tactical perspective, they don't feel that they need the "assistance" of a lot of organized guerrilla groups, given the capabilities they already have, when those guerrillas' operations are only going to deepen and harden the fracture lines already splitting Safehold and leave a legacy not simply of mutual hatred but also a legacy of armed, embittered men prepared to resort to violence again. I would imagine that our own experiences in places like Sarajevo, the Middle East, and a dozen other spots around the globe could probably suggest at least part of their reason for their not wanting to create that sort of legacy unless there is an overwhelming tactical need for them to do so despite the downsides they are trying to avoid.

From a strategic perspective, they clearly don't need a "special forces" deep reconnaissance capability for military, industrial, and economic planning purposes. They've already established the existence of their spy networks, and even if you're going to operate on the assumption that creating a "special forces" organization would provide them with a more broad-based tool with which to legitimize SNARC-gathered information, it doesn't provide the interface to get that information into the hands of the commanders/planners who need it. Any information your "special forces" guys could gather and get to the rear through "mundane" channels would probably broaden an army commander's or an area commander's "reach," but it wouldn't help one bit with SNARC reconnaissance, because you'd still have to use someone or something – like Ahbraim Zhevons or Owl's letter-writing remotes — to insert the information into the chain at some point.

Please do note that I am most emphatically not saying that field commanders aren't going to need the very best intelligence they can get and that specially trained scouting and reconnaissance outfits aren't going to be a vital part of that intelligence gathering. Also note that I am most emphatically not ruling out behind-the-front attacks on infrastructure or other critical objectives. I'm simply saying that "special forces" in the 21st-century sense of the term are not going to be the best, most economical way to acquire those capabilities on Safehold. And that "special forces" in the Safeholdian sense of the term already exist within the Imperial Charisian Army. You may not have seen them in operation yet, but then, you've only seen the Imperial Charisian Army fight a single battle under extraordinarily constricted conditions of terrain where Safeholdian "special forces" would have been of extremely limited utility.






Thank you for this RFC. it has cleared up a point or two of confusion for me, and opened up a whole lot of ideas as to whats coming next. =D




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its not paranoia if its justified....
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Re: Special Forces
Post by Dutch46   » Fri Nov 02, 2012 11:08 pm

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There have been many versions of 'Special Forces' over time. If folks have the idea the Charisian units would, in any way, resemble todays units that is a mistake.

The idea is to form small highly trained or even single person units that would be tasked with special assignments that could not be carried out any other way. Removal of a particularly valuable individual from the gene pool, sneaking up on the enemy camp and killing every other guard, planting explosives in the road to be set off as the command unit marches over it and a myriad of other assignments designed to introduce uncertainty and terror in the enemy. Granted, these would all be on a small scale but one should never pass up an opportunity, no matter how small, to inflict damage, casualties and uncertainty on the enemy.
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Re: Special Forces
Post by Kytheros   » Fri Nov 02, 2012 11:22 pm

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Dutch46 wrote:There have been many versions of 'Special Forces' over time. If folks have the idea the Charisian units would, in any way, resemble todays units that is a mistake.

The idea is to form small highly trained or even single person units that would be tasked with special assignments that could not be carried out any other way. Removal of a particularly valuable individual from the gene pool, sneaking up on the enemy camp and killing every other guard, planting explosives in the road to be set off as the command unit marches over it and a myriad of other assignments designed to introduce uncertainty and terror in the enemy. Granted, these would all be on a small scale but one should never pass up an opportunity, no matter how small, to inflict damage, casualties and uncertainty on the enemy.

Except that would have the inherent result of reprisals against local civilian populations by the Inquisition/CoGA forces, unless there was specific evidence that those responsible came from beyond the area and were operating without the support or knowledge of the locals.

Also, you do realize that your description is a pretty fair match for the 'modern' concept of Special Forces? At least, in a generic sense.
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Re: Special Forces
Post by runsforcelery   » Sat Nov 03, 2012 1:08 am

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Kytheros wrote:
Dutch46 wrote:There have been many versions of 'Special Forces' over time. If folks have the idea the Charisian units would, in any way, resemble todays units that is a mistake.

The idea is to form small highly trained or even single person units that would be tasked with special assignments that could not be carried out any other way. Removal of a particularly valuable individual from the gene pool, sneaking up on the enemy camp and killing every other guard, planting explosives in the road to be set off as the command unit marches over it and a myriad of other assignments designed to introduce uncertainty and terror in the enemy. Granted, these would all be on a small scale but one should never pass up an opportunity, no matter how small, to inflict damage, casualties and uncertainty on the enemy.

Except that would have the inherent result of reprisals against local civilian populations by the Inquisition/CoGA forces, unless there was specific evidence that those responsible came from beyond the area and were operating without the support or knowledge of the locals.

Also, you do realize that your description is a pretty fair match for the 'modern' concept of Special Forces? At least, in a generic sense.



Exactly my point. There are other problems (including the one of how a non-suicide mission stays close enough to the enemy to set off a charge --- without electrical or radio detonators --- just at the right time to take out the command group as it passes), but the biggest one is the Reinhard Heydrich Syndrom. You kill our command group; we take reprisals against the nearest farm and/or village. Same thing for sneaking up on the camp to wage psychological operations . . . and if you're not doing it behind enemy lines, then why are you sneaking up on it with one or two guys instead of sending in a solid night attack? Not saying there couldn't be reasons for it, just wondering what they are.

If you want to hypothesize using these special force operators against an enemy force on the march through uninhabitated territory where there is no local civilian presence, I suppose that's one thing, but it's one hell of a lot of investment in high-quality manpower, material, training, and support for a very, very, very limited return in the Safeholdian combat environment.


"Oh, bother!" said Pooh, as Piglet came back from the dead.
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Re: Special Forces
Post by Randomiser   » Sun Nov 04, 2012 2:24 pm

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Thanks for your long post, RFC. Obviously, you have been thinking about this for a lot longer than the rest of us.

I look forward to seeing the 'Special Forces in the Safeholdian sense of the term' in action at some point in the books to come.
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Re: Special Forces
Post by Dutch46   » Sun Nov 04, 2012 3:21 pm

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Under all but exceptional circumstances, a commander cannot allow himself to be influenced by what the enemy may or may not do to innocent civilians which he cannot control or protect. He must instead, execute what he believes to be a strategy that inflicts the maximum amount of damage on the enemy with the forces he has available. Defeating the enemy in the fastest way possible is, after all, the best and least costly way to eliminate the danger these innocents and everyone else faces.

If one allows the consideration of what are euphemistically called collateral damages to dictate one's strategy, the enemy will soon figure that out and collocate with those entities they know will not be attacked or will not be attacked with full force. It seems to me that that is a strategy that will, over the longer term, result in higher casualties and a longer conflict.
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Re: Special Forces
Post by Spacekiwi   » Sun Nov 04, 2012 4:01 pm

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Dutch46 wrote:Under all but exceptional circumstances, a commander cannot allow himself to be influenced by what the enemy may or may not do to innocent civilians which he cannot control or protect. He must instead, execute what he believes to be a strategy that inflicts the maximum amount of damage on the enemy with the forces he has available. Defeating the enemy in the fastest way possible is, after all, the best and least costly way to eliminate the danger these innocents and everyone else faces.

If one allows the consideration of what are euphemistically called collateral damages to dictate one's strategy, the enemy will soon figure that out and collocate with those entities they know will not be attacked or will not be attacked with full force. It seems to me that that is a strategy that will, over the longer term, result in higher casualties and a longer conflict.





Like the hostage situation that pops up in all too many movies. the option that hardly anyone ever takes, except maybe in die hard, is to shoot the hostage and then shoot the bad guy. Currently they may have a hostage, but if you let them go, they are going to use that against you,
and take even more hostages. short term gain fr the good guys often turns out to be a long term loss in situations like this. you need the bad guy gone, and this is the quickest, most efficent way to do it, as next time he may have the drop on you, and he isnt going to worry about collateral damage.





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its not paranoia if its justified....
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Image


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
its not paranoia if its justified... :D
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Re: Special Forces
Post by runsforcelery   » Sun Nov 04, 2012 7:25 pm

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Dutch46 wrote:Under all but exceptional circumstances, a commander cannot allow himself to be influenced by what the enemy may or may not do to innocent civilians which he cannot control or protect. He must instead, execute what he believes to be a strategy that inflicts the maximum amount of damage on the enemy with the forces he has available. Defeating the enemy in the fastest way possible is, after all, the best and least costly way to eliminate the danger these innocents and everyone else faces.

If one allows the consideration of what are euphemistically called collateral damages to dictate one's strategy, the enemy will soon figure that out and collocate with those entities they know will not be attacked or will not be attacked with full force. It seems to me that that is a strategy that will, over the longer term, result in higher casualties and a longer conflict.



That way lies the escalation of atrocity and the enablement of massacre. It is, unfortunately, an outgrowth of the concept of "total war," and under it, one can justify doing literally anything. It has, in fact, been so used, and by such sterling examples of humanity as Bomber Harris, Adolph Hitler, Tamerlane, and (yes) the USA in one of our worse moments. Following that logic, executing "what he believes to be a strategy that inflicts the maximum amount of damage on the enemy with the forces he has available" is a get-out-of-jail free card for massacring the entire population of a conquered city in order to encourage the next one on your list to surrender as soon as you get there and never, ever even think about giving you grief again. It works, but does that make it any less morally reprehensible? And, ultimately, does it allow you to establish anything remotely resembling amicable relations with your victims at a later time?

To be perfectly honest, the logic of your argument is very like those who advocate real politik: It's a dirty, ugly world, so get out there and be the dirtiest, ugliest fighter of them all because in the final analysis your objective validates whatever means you must pursue to achieve it. It is a form of amorality which is worse in many ways than immorality because it denies the need to hold one's own side to any standard other than that of pragmatism. I find that morally contemptible on a personal level and potentially disastrous on a strategic level unless you know with absolute assurance that you will be able to impose a permanent settlement to the conflict on your terms and the other side will never, ever have the opportunity to pay you back for what you did to it. Which, of course, completely ignores the argument that if you adopt that position, then the other side is totally justified in applying it to you in reply and leaves you no leg to stand on if you demand punishment for someone who casually shoots 5,000 prisoners because detailing guards would not be "what he believes to be a strategy that inflicts the maximum amount of damage on the enemy with the forces he has available."

I have often thought that present day relations between Germany and Japan and the Allies of WW II would be very, very different (and much uglier) if Germany had not been made to confront its Nazi past and all of the additional atrocities of which its armed forces were guilty and if Japan had not been so prepared to place full blame on the militarists who led the Empire into the War. Coupled with the Marshall Plan to help rebuild --- and the threats of Stalin and Mao Tse-tung --- that was enough to erase a lot of potential mutual hatred, but you might want to look at the more common longterm results to atrocity in places like the Balkans, the Middle East, and Ireland. It is highly unlikely that Charis is going to find itself in a position to do the same thing for all the realms currently supporting the Church after the war . . . and Stohnar is not going to thank Charis for creating any additional hatred and generational violence in his western provinces after the current war, either.

Charis is not going to adopt tactics or strategies which will enable/cause additional atrocities unless it is literally a matter of life-or-death for its own forces. That is a hard and fast decision which has been made for a multitude of reasons --- just as the Brish decided they would not use area bombing on industrial plants in occupied France which were supplying war materials to the Germans. Under your rationale, and assuming they really believed area bombing would work, then they ought to have applied it to the French munitions plants which had been taken over. Charis and the inner circle have not only moral, ethical, and philosophical objections to adopting such policies and operational concepts, but also a clear understanding that sometime within the next 20 years they are going to have to tell Safehold at large the truth about the Archangels. When that happens, they believe, they must be in the position of the side which fought a "clean war" as opposed to the atrocities and suffering inflicted by the Inquisition, so they are not going to invite any Reinhard Heydrich revenge scenarios unless they have exactly zero other options

And, to return to my original point, they have other options that are going to be a hell of a lot more effective --- given the societal, industrial, economic, and logistic constraints of Safehold --- than the type of "special forces" operations you've listed. This isn't 20th or 21st century Earth, and the operational environment is quite different. You say: "If one allows the consideration of what are euphemistically called collateral damages to dictate one's strategy, the enemy will soon figure that out and collocate with those entities they know will not be attacked or will not be attacked with full force." I'm sorry, but that is so 20th-21st-century thinking! The North Vietnamese did it with air defense missiles during the Vietnam War, Sddam did it in the Gulf War, Hamas is doing it right now in Syria and Gaza. I'll grant you all of that, but those places aren't on Safehold! Not only that, but those defensive strategies are adopted against threats the defending side knows about. Exactly how is a refusal to assassinate political figures in the enemy's rear going to cause anyone to "collocate" potential targets of assassination? How is a cavalry raid on a canal lock going to cause the enemy to move the canal lock? And how is a decision not to carry out the sorts of operations which can --- and will --- be perceived/treated by the Inquisition as civilian-supported guerilla activities to be punished by savage reprisals against local populations going to give the other side anything to take advantage of?

The return on the investment is miniscule in comparison to the advantages bestowed, virtually anything you might accomplish this way can be accomplished by other means, and the secondary costs of that "collateral" damage are higher --- on both a moral and a pragmatic basis --- than Charis is going to be willing to pay.


"Oh, bother!" said Pooh, as Piglet came back from the dead.
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Re: Special Forces
Post by phillies   » Sun Nov 04, 2012 7:52 pm

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In the face of forces not large enough to hold solid lines from ocean to ocean, so that you can get forces into the enemy rear, good cavalry with lots of remounts and extra supplies seems much simpler than more dramatic options. I seem to recall that this Windscale fellow was a dashing senior cavalryman, perhaps somewhat educable, and, of course, is at this point totally taken by Her Imperial Majesty. Or am I remembering the wrong character?

In any event, there are options for Corisande participation in ways that a lack of total loyalty of a few people cannot put holes in your line. Another interesting option, which worked less than well when Churchill tried it, is using your naval forces and the LSTs to drop forces on the enemy coast, march through an area in the other fellow's rear, incidentally torch all the semaphore towers and local industry you can find, and then recover to ship. This tactic is more effective if the unseen host of seijins has provided the attackers with detailed maps, so that you know, e.g., exactly where each cannon boring facility is located. The tactic is less advisable inside Desnair, except as you land and leave quickly. Of course, if the Desnair gold mines happen to be close to the coast, well, there are interesting threats.

As a minor aside, my grandfather was an officer in the Royal and Imperial Army of Austria-Hungary, on the Russian front, and his descriptions and a fair number of photographs tend to indicate that there were indeed lines with what are clearly trenches, berms, wire, etc.
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Re: Special Forces
Post by chickladoria   » Sun Nov 04, 2012 9:07 pm

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I guess I thought of 'cutting out' operations as a type of special forces action. The purpose being political, and military. The raid to free Iris, Coris, and Daivyn was a commando raid, thus could be classified as a special force operation.
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