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Settings of Multi Stage Missiles

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Re: Settings of Multi Stage Missiles
Post by ThinksMarkedly   » Wed Jun 19, 2024 3:50 pm

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Jonathan_S wrote:Fair. They'd be coming in slower than the ballistic strikes Honor was worried about the Masadans/Peeps pulling off against Grayson if she didn't left Thunder of God uncontested access to the outer system. Those might come in so fast she didn't expect to have much luck getting point defense solutions against them.


Several important differences there. Starting with the simplest, which is that Honor had much older technology herself to work with. Her interception ratios and ranges were much smaller than what we're used to today, and especially the throw weight of CMs.

But the more important thing to consider is that a planet can't dodge and has no wedges. Any un-intercepted missile from Thunder of God would be able to fire on the planet or a target of opportunity and would definitely not miss it. Honor would have needed to acheve a 100% interception ratio from well outside the range of those missiles... which is considerably high too because of the lack of wedges or sidewall.

That all such missiles would have been flying ballistic would be small consolation.

A 4 drive system defense missile salvo might be launch from so far away that the FTL sensors of it's first 3 drives are unlikely to give you particularly actionable data -- the signals from the salvo's drives will just be a cacophony of "noise" leaving you unsure of even its size, much less the precise vector of each missile as it went ballistic. (After all, with Mycroft you could trivially shoot at enemies as they crossed the hyperlimit using pods in Manticore's orbit -- at minimum a 6.4 light minute ballistic phase)

But if you've got 8 minutes to gather passive IR data on those 0.81c targets you might well have a solid track to hit them as they cross your defensive perimeter.


Indeed and because they were already at 0.81c before the third stage shut off, the vector should be good enough. The missiles have negligible delta-v in ballistic stage. I imagine they could have some cold gas thrusters to avoid a completely ballistic flight, but against a base velocity of 0.81c, their effect will not be apparent. So the sensors might not have been able to track just how many missiles were in space, but there will be no mistaking that it was "a whole lot" and "they're coming right for us!"

But it's probably irrelevant - you're coasting outwards so quickly (0.81c) that you'll basically always have to bring up your terminal maneuvering drive long before reaching their defensive CM envelope just to have time to build the lateral velocity you need to achieve intercept. (Because enemies rarely maintain perfectly ruler straight courses, especially when they know they've been fired upon)

* Over the 180 second max of a normal half-power drive's endurance it can deflect the missile sideways by up to 7.3 million km, but over that same time it'll also coast nearly 44 million km further downrange.


Very good point. So there's a limit on how long your ballistic course can be, because in the intervening time the target ships could have moved away from the interception zone for when the missiles do light up their drives, which is a sphere 7.3 million km in radius from where they'd be if they themselves kept ballistic. At 600 gravities, ships can shift their positions by that much in 26.25 minutes.

That in turn sets an upper limit on a 4DM interception range at 10 minutes[1] accelerating at 46000 gravities and 26.25 minutes coasting at 0.81c = 463.7 million km = 25.77 light-minutes. That's more than the radius of most inhabitable systems' hyperlimits, but less than the diameter. In the Manticore-A system, the RMN could for example place their 4DM on Salamander and would have complete coverage of the hyperlimit volume.

[1] 10 minutes because that brings up their speed to 0.9c using the usual calculations, and that is the upper limit. The last 2 minutes of the last stage can't be used for accelerating in the same direction.
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Re: Settings of Multi Stage Missiles
Post by Jonathan_S   » Wed Jun 19, 2024 4:53 pm

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ThinksMarkedly wrote:
Jonathan_S wrote:But if you've got 8 minutes to gather passive IR data on those 0.81c targets you might well have a solid track to hit them as they cross your defensive perimeter.


Indeed and because they were already at 0.81c before the third stage shut off, the vector should be good enough. The missiles have negligible delta-v in ballistic stage. I imagine they could have some cold gas thrusters to avoid a completely ballistic flight, but against a base velocity of 0.81c, their effect will not be apparent. So the sensors might not have been able to track just how many missiles were in space, but there will be no mistaking that it was "a whole lot" and "they're coming right for us!"
Well, unless you really abuse Apollo/Mycroft and launch from somewhere beyond the range on the target's onboard sensors. In which case, by definition, they won't have seen the whole lot of missiles coming right for them.

Which, yes, violates the max reasonable range you calculated.

And thus even though you get the advantage of being outside of sensor range (assuming they haven't managed to get recon drones or something into your system) this is likely not going to be a common tactic because with such a prolonged coast phase there's a good chance that even without knowing missiles might be inbound the enemy might change course sufficiently the missiles can't reach them.

Though would the (powered) interception zone actually be a sphere?
Certainly plotted at the instant you bring up the final drive it wouldn't be; that'd be more of a cone shape caused by the 0.81c base velocity. You can't hit a spot 7.3 million km directly abeam of you because by the time you'd make that distance laterally you'd also have coasted much further downrange. (And you definitely can no longer hit a spot 7.3 million km behind you; you'd never overcome your base velocity)

Still, however we describe it, once its 3rd drive burns out the missile can make a powered intercept of any point within 7.3 million km from its ballistic base vector. (Assuming the 4th drive is a normal missile drive). Deflecting its course further that that is technically possible, but results in the missile going ballistic again before intercept -- making it pretty easy to dodge.
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Re: Settings of Multi Stage Missiles
Post by kzt   » Wed Jun 19, 2024 7:35 pm

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I suspect that David doesn’t want to drive himself crazy working time of flight etc.

The limiting factor on a RMN mdm for delay between stages is the reactor life, which I think is about a week as it is the same reactor used in recon drones.
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Re: Settings of Multi Stage Missiles
Post by ThinksMarkedly   » Wed Jun 19, 2024 9:05 pm

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Jonathan_S wrote:Though would the (powered) interception zone actually be a sphere?
Certainly plotted at the instant you bring up the final drive it wouldn't be; that'd be more of a cone shape caused by the 0.81c base velocity. You can't hit a spot 7.3 million km directly abeam of you because by the time you'd make that distance laterally you'd also have coasted much further downrange. (And you definitely can no longer hit a spot 7.3 million km behind you; you'd never overcome your base velocity)


It's not a sphere, but the sphere is a reasonable enough approximation. The centre of that is not the point where the missile activates the 4th stage, but the point where it was going to go anyway if the enemy doesn't evade at all. Running straight away from the missile is pointless: they're already overtaking the ships by a significant margin. Running straight at the missiles is equally pointless. A perpendicular course change to the missiles' ballistic vector is your best bet, but as you calculated the missiles can add enough delta-v in their perpendicular direction to still catch those ships. And an oblique course isn't going to help much: oblique away from the missiles is still within their target range. Turning towards the missiles could have been a solution, if the missiles weren't Apollo: those will detect the vector change (or be told of it) and simply activate their drives sooner.

So, actually, a circle suffices.
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Re: Settings of Multi Stage Missiles
Post by Relax   » Fri Jun 28, 2024 7:23 am

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Limit is not 0.8c
That is merely the point from which particle shielding can be used ~indefinitely and beyond which starts to fail. So, how long is too long for said screen to fail past 0.8c? We do not know. Never will :mrgreen: This series is ~over.

ThinksMarkedly wrote:
Jonathan_S wrote:Though would the (powered) interception zone actually be a sphere?
Certainly plotted at the instant you bring up the final drive it wouldn't be; that'd be more of a cone shape caused by the 0.81c base velocity. You can't hit a spot 7.3 million km directly abeam of you because by the time you'd make that distance laterally you'd also have coasted much further downrange. (And you definitely can no longer hit a spot 7.3 million km behind you; you'd never overcome your base velocity)


It's not a sphere, but the sphere is a reasonable enough approximation. The centre of that is not the point where the missile activates the 4th stage, but the point where it was going to go anyway if the enemy doesn't evade at all. Running straight away from the missile is pointless: they're already overtaking the ships by a significant margin. Running straight at the missiles is equally pointless. A perpendicular course change to the missiles' ballistic vector is your best bet, but as you calculated the missiles can add enough delta-v in their perpendicular direction to still catch those ships. And an oblique course isn't going to help much: oblique away from the missiles is still within their target range. Turning towards the missiles could have been a solution, if the missiles weren't Apollo: those will detect the vector change (or be told of it) and simply activate their drives sooner.

So, actually, a circle suffices.
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Re: Settings of Multi Stage Missiles
Post by markusschaber   » Fri Aug 02, 2024 12:15 pm

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I just stumbled across another text passage which seems to suggest that at least the last stage of Apollo generation missiles can go full speed after the first 2 stages went for
At all costs, chapter 68 wrote:At 46,000 g, their missiles had accelerated to almost 162,400 kilometers per second and traveled 29,230,000 kilometers before they'd shut down. That left the MDMs' third stage available for a powered attack run when they reached their targets. In sixty seconds of maximum acceleration, the remaining drive would add another 54,000 kilometers per second to the missiles' velocity. Or they could go for half that much power, and add another 81,000 over the space of three minutes.


However, this are only thoughts of Admiral Chin, who surely doesn't have the complete specs of those missiles at that time. As RFC the "Word of god" already clarified the opposite, this post is mostly a consolidation of my internal state of mind - to reassure myself that I wasn't completely misreading the text.
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Re: Settings of Multi Stage Missiles
Post by Jonathan_S   » Fri Aug 02, 2024 1:30 pm

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markusschaber wrote:I just stumbled across another text passage which seems to suggest that at least the last stage of Apollo generation missiles can go full speed after the first 2 stages went for
At all costs, chapter 68 wrote:At 46,000 g, their missiles had accelerated to almost 162,400 kilometers per second and traveled 29,230,000 kilometers before they'd shut down. That left the MDMs' third stage available for a powered attack run when they reached their targets. In sixty seconds of maximum acceleration, the remaining drive would add another 54,000 kilometers per second to the missiles' velocity. Or they could go for half that much power, and add another 81,000 over the space of three minutes.


However, this are only thoughts of Admiral Chin, who surely doesn't have the complete specs of those missiles at that time. As RFC the "Word of god" already clarified the opposite, this post is mostly a consolidation of my internal state of mind - to reassure myself that I wasn't completely misreading the text.

Interesting find. But yeah, Admiral Chin, as a Peep officer, isn't in the best position to know the actual capabilities of Manticoran MDMs.

So I see a few possibilities (assuming if we ignore the author potentially making a mistake or changing his mind after writing that passage)
1) [unlikely] When the Peeps reinvented or reverse engineered the 'baffle' they actually leapfrogged past Manticore and have one that does allow different acceleration rate and Chin unthinkingly assumes that Manticore's MDMs have the same capabilities that his do.
2) Despite their own missiles' limitations Peep intel mistakenly believes that Mantie MDM have this capability and distributed that flawed into to their fleet; so Chin (mistakenly) believes Honor's MDM can do this.
3) Chin has no particular reason to believe that Mantie missiles can do this but is simply musing about what the threat scenario would be if it turned out they did -- basically considering a 'worst case' scenario in addition to the probable one.
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