Just tackling the first of your questions
cthia wrote:A snotty question.
Naval fighters like the F-14 Tomcat's main weapons are missiles. It switches to guns only when it is too close for missiles.
Honorverse ship's main weapons are missiles. It switches to guns (energy weapons) within knife range -- but because energy weapons are more effective.
However, why are missiles not launched in tandem with energy weapons? Ok, I'm aware of one reason. Missiles launched from such a small range would come in so slow that point defense would have a field day. Ok, but what about special missiles in that case? Missiles only have to have a single stage, making for a much smaller missile. In fact, a half stage would work at knife range.
Well about the fastest anybody's managed to get any missile to fly is the overpowered nodes on a CM. If you used the latest RMN designs a CM powered missile would take about 23-24 seconds to reach laserhead standoff (50,000 km) at energy range (400,000 km). It would have a max velocity of 31,200 km/s (0.1c) and be within CM range for it's entire flight, and PDLC range (70,000 km) for about about 1.5 seconds (compared to the 0.85 seconds a SDM would take to cross that distance; or the 0.28 seconds for an MDM).
So the missile would be relatively easy to kill. Plus as we saw in HotQ it can give time for a light opponent to roll wedge against them missiles.
And if you are exchanging energy fire with your opponent there are a couple problems with firing missile tubes near-simultaneously:
a) the missiles' wedges would block your energy fire
b) you have to open a "gunport" to let the missile through your sidewall for a
relatively long time. A missile is likely to provide less protection than the sidewall; so the energy mount will likely blow through the missile and and gap in your sidewall and inflict significant damage to your ship.
Now we've seen (HotQ; Theisman's CL) a ship use missiles in energy range; but they use them largely instead of beams (or at least don't try to use both near-simultaneously from the same broadside). And they're twisting enough that the missiles can launch when their off-axis enough not to offer a clean shot back through the gunports.
With podlayers you don't have the same sidewall problems and the wedge interference is reduced. OTOH the pods need to drop astern clear of the wedge before they launch. That gives your opponent a good chance to engage them with energy fire (or a CM) and destroy them before they get their missile off.
So it can be done, but whether its worth the risks and tradeoffs seems to depend on whether your ship is effective at fighting with it's energy mounts (plus of course energy range combat has become extremely rare).