Thucydides wrote:Heatpumps work just fine in Soutwestern Ontario, which is north of Michigan and New York State. Air to air heatpumps do have issues, but most installations around here use the ground or a pond as part of the circuit, giving a large heat sink/reservoir to work with.
Uh, if you aren't using the ground, ditch, well, pond, lake, stream, your COP(Coefficient of Performance) will suck abysmally. A value of 2 means that for every 1 Watt you put in you get 2 Watts of heat back. IE cut your heating bill by 50%. COP is legislated down here in moron land, at greater than 3.5. Absurd. A COP of 1.1 saves energy. Ponds work best though. Really cheap. All you have to do is dump a thousand feet of Polyethelene pipe in it and Viola, enough heat for a typical house.