Brigade XO wrote:Of course, how the Russians were able to convince themselves that Hitler was going to be satisfied with half of Poland and grabbing off other chunks of Europe (not yet actualy engaged with France and England) when they had his book with the outline of his plan. He was heading for the wheat and petroleum producing areas to the SE because that would give Germany the potential food, energy and expansion space they wanted.
Between the Depression (which was essentialy world wide) and the incremental 1st ingoring in secrete and then abrogating various parts of the WW I treaty over the course of the 30's, Germany rearmed, rebuilt it's army and used Russia as a source of materials and secret training grounds. Russia got technology and information. It also got a free hand to grab that half of Poland. And nobody stopped them. It's the whole bully thing. They get away with the small stuff and they go for bigger things. The more they get their way, the harder it is to do anything and you have reenforced that bad behavior. Nobody was willing to put real sanction in place or enforce the terms of the Treaty or put infantry in to stop them.[snip]
Once Germany started Barbarosa (the invasion of Russia) things got very dicy for Germany. Two Front War, the logistics started to go to Hell and they were not able to bring the various pieces of the Russian Army into a positon to destroy them. Then they got stopped- at the end of really long supply lines with what was in great part a 19th century logistics system (yeah, a lot of it horse drawn)-just short of Moscow in time to say hello to the Russian Winter.
I don't think Russia thought Germany was going to leave them alone for long - they were just fooled about exactly how long they'd have to rebuild after the '36-'38 purges of the Red Army.
But signing a non-agression pact with Germany, and splitting Poland, did buy Stalin over 2 years to reorganize and reequip. (Sure, his show of force / invasion prep that put most of the Red Army right on the borders just before Germany kicked off the Eastern front led to massive numbers of killed and captured units -- which threw away much of the strength gained in that interval. But in theory buying time when you're not prepared to fight right now isn't always a bad plan)
And it wasn't just when Hitler invaded Russia that things looked dicy for them. We tend to view it as historically inevitable, but there's a pretty good case, made among other places in 'Strange Victory: Hitler's Conquest of France' that Germany defeating France was a significant upset; if they hadn't been very lucky Hitlers gamble would have ended long before he could have gotten around to breaking his treaty with the Soviets.
Still, I tend to view the 1938 Munich Agreement, to force Czechoslovakia to give Germany the Sudetenland as quite possibly the key point where France and Britain screwed up. Yes there were ethnically German people living there; quite a few. But turning it over also turned over Czechoslovakia's defensive forts. If Germany had had to try to seize the Sudetenland in '38 they'd have had a very hard time, even if France and Britain had just cut economic ties with them and hadn't invaded in response. Giving Germany another year to build up before facing the West and simultaneously crippling a potential ally really went a long way towards evening up the sides (though Germany was still the weaker side - until they got lucky and found France's glass jaw)